来源头条作者:LearningYard学苑
诗圣—杜甫
Poetry – Du Fu
1.
背景介绍
Background introduction
杜甫，字子美，自号少陵野老，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫少年时代曾先后游历吴越和齐赵，其间曾赴洛阳应举不第。三十五岁以后，先在长安应试，落第；官场不得志，目睹了唐朝上层社会的奢靡与社会危机。，安史之乱爆发，杜甫先后辗转多地。
Du Fu, courtesy name Zimei, self-titled Shaolin Ye Lao, a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu traveled to Wu Yue and Qi Zhao successively in his youth, during which time he went to Luoyang. After the age of thirty-five, he first took the exam in Chang\’an and failed; the officialdom was unsatisfactory, and he witnessed the extravagance and social crisis of the upper class of the Tang Dynasty. , the An-Shi Rebellion broke out, and Du Fu went to many places successively.
2.
主要成就
Major achievements
杜甫善于运用古典诗歌的许多体制，并加以创造性地发展。杜甫关心民生疾苦的思想和他在律诗方面所取得的成就直接影响了中唐时期元稹、白居易等人的新乐府创作。他是新乐府诗体的开路人。他的乐府诗，促成了中唐时期新乐府运动的发展。
Du Fu was good at using many systems of classical poetry and developing them creatively. Du Fu\’s thought of caring about people\’s livelihood and suffering and his achievements in verse directly influenced the creation of new Yuefu by Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and others in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the mid-Tang Dynasty.
杜甫诗“有集六十卷\”，北宋宝元二年（1039年）王洙辑有1405篇，编为18卷，题为《杜工部集》。钱谦益编有《笺注杜工部集》。杨伦说：“自六朝以来，乐府题率多模拟剽窃，陈陈相因，最为可厌。子美出而独就当时所感触，上悯国难，下痛民穷，随意立题，尽脱去前人窠臼“。在杜甫中年因其诗风沉郁顿挫，忧国忧民，杜甫的诗被称为“诗史”。他的诗词以古体、律诗见长，风格多样，以“沉郁顿挫”四字准确概括出他自己的作品风格，而以沉郁为主。杜甫生活在唐朝由盛转衰的历史时期，其诗多涉笔社会动荡、政治黑暗、人民疾苦，他的诗反映当时社会矛盾和人民疾苦，他的诗记录了唐代由盛转衰的历史巨变，表达了崇高的儒家仁爱精神和强烈的忧患意识，因而被誉为“诗史”。
杜甫忧国忧民，人格高尚，诗艺精湛。杜甫一生写诗一千五百多首，其中很多是传颂千古的名篇，比如“三吏”和“三别”；其中“三吏”为《石壕吏》《新安吏》和《潼关吏》，“三别”为《新婚别》《无家别》和《垂老别》。杜甫流传下来的诗篇是唐诗里最多最广泛的，是唐代最杰出的诗人之一，对后世影响深远。杜甫作品被称为世上疮痍，诗中圣哲；民间疾苦，笔底波澜。是现实主义诗歌的代表作。
Du Fu\’s poems \”there are sixty volumes\”, in the second year of Baoyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1039), Wang Zhu compiled 1405 pieces into 18 volumes, entitled \”Du Gongbu Collection\”. Qian Qianyi edited \”Notes on Du Gongbu Collection\”. Yang Lun said: \”Since the Six Dynasties, Yuefu\’s question rate has been imitating plagiarism, and Chen and Chen Xiangyin are the most disgusting. Zimei came out and was alone at the time. She felt sorry for the national disaster, and hurt the poor people. Go to the rut of the predecessors\”. In his middle age, Du Fu\’s poems were called \”history of poetry\” because of his gloomy style of poetry and his concern for the country and the people. His poems are good at ancient style and rhythm poems, and have various styles. He accurately summarizes the style of his own works with the four words \”depressed and frustrated\”, and is mainly composed of depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period when the Tang Dynasty changed from prosperity to decline. His poems mostly involved social turmoil, political darkness, and people\’s suffering. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people\’s sufferings at that time. The great changes in history express the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and a strong sense of urgency, so it is known as the \”history of poetry\”.
Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, with a noble personality and exquisite poetry. Du Fu wrote more than 1,500 poems in his lifetime, many of which are famous poems that have been passed down through the ages, such as \”Three Officials\” and \”Three Farewells\”; among them, \”Three Officials\” are \”Shihao Official\”, \”Xin\’an Official\” and \”Tongguan Official\”. \”, \”Three Farewells\” are \”Newlyweds Farewells\”, \”Homeless Farewells\” and \”Old Farewells\”. The poems handed down by Du Fu are the most extensive and extensive in Tang poetry. Du Fu\’s works are known as the world\’s desolation, the sages in the poems; the sufferings of the people, the waves at the bottom of the pen. It is a masterpiece of realist poetry.
参考资料：百度；翻译：谷歌翻译
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